2015年10月19日，华盛顿：史上首次，国家首脑、城市和州领导人在大公司总裁支持下结成前所未有的联盟，联合起来敦促全球各地各国和公司企业实行碳定价。
碳定价呼吁来自碳定价委员会，这是由世界银行行长金墉与IMF总裁拉加德召集的一个团体，目的是促进在巴黎气候会谈之前采取进一步的、更快速的行动，经合组织秘书长古里亚也加入了这一努力。
碳定价委员会成员包括德国总理默克尔、智利总统米歇尔·巴切莱特、法国总统奥朗德、埃塞俄比亚总理海尔马里亚姆·德萨莱尼、菲律宾总统阿基诺三世、墨西哥总统恩里克·佩尼亚·涅托、加州州长杰里·布朗和里约热内卢市长爱德华多·佩斯。
这些全球领导人呼吁同行加入碳定价联盟，带领全球经济走向低碳、具有生产力和竞争力的未来，遏制碳污染达到危险水平驱动全球变暖。通过强有力的公共政策，他们给私营部门提供确定性和可预见性，促使他们在气候智慧型发展领域进行长期投资。
私营部门的支持来自美国机构投资者加州公务员退休基金、法国ENGIE、印度马恒达集团和荷兰皇家帝斯曼集团，他们帮助通过碳定价领导联盟将企业需求与公共政策挂钩，这个行动平台将于2015年11月30日在巴黎正式启动。
“从未有过一场全球性碳定价运动达到如此高度和如此团结，它标志着一个转折点，从围绕低碳增长需要的经济制度的争论转向为实现就业、清洁增长和繁荣实施政策和定价机制，”世界银行集团行长金墉说。 “科学是明确的，经济道理是令人信服的，现在我们看到政治领导力正在出现，将以一种与气候挑战相称的速度扩大绿色投资规模。”
“财长们需要考虑改革财政体制，提高对碳密集型燃料的税收，减少不利于经济增长的其他税收，如劳动税和资本税。他们需要评估碳税税率，这有助他们实现对巴黎的减排承诺和帮助易受能源涨价影响的低收入家庭的相应措施，”IMF总裁拉加德说。
全世界有约40个国家和23个城市、州和地区已经实施或正在实行碳定价，其计划和机制覆盖全球温室气体排放量的12%左右。已经实施或计划实施的碳定价工具数量自2012年以来增加了近一倍，市场总值达到500亿美元左右。
这种集体的经验为我们走出实行碳定价的关键一步提供了工具，并被纳入由世行集团和经合组织提出并吸收了IMF的意见的FASTER原则之中。这些原则基于公平性；政策与目标一致；稳定性和可预测性；透明度；效率和成本效益；以及可靠性和环境完整性。
QUOTES
“Low carbon technologies are an element in the fight against worldwide climate change. With a price for carbon and a global carbon market, we promote investment in these climate friendly technologies. Many governments are already putting a price on carbon as part of their climate protection strategies. We should advance our effort along this path further so that we can actually reach our goal of maintaining the two degree upper limit,” said German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
“In Chile we believe in the polluter pays principle. We have enacted environmental taxes on our transportation and power sector. Both taxes will be instrumental in cleaner power, and more efficient cars, which will make our air cleaner, and our climate safer. And the revenue goes to fund our educational reform,” said Chilean President Michelle Bachelet.
“If we really want to send market signals to enable enterprises to make their decisions under optimal economic conditions, which may be optimal ecological conditions, then the issue of carbon prices inevitably arises as it is the most tangible signal that can be sent to all economic actors,” said French President François Hollande. “I am aware of the fears created by this notion of carbon pricing, particularly among the most carbon- intensive industries, which have concerns, and rightly so, over their competitiveness. We must therefore act with resolve. Countries, big countries such as China, are already setting carbon prices. Europe already has a carbon market.”
"Like many nations, Ethiopia has much to gain from early action on climate change - and much to lose if we collectively fail to act. We are rapidly developing a diverse portfolio of renewable energy resources, have been generating results from large scale programs to rehabilitate landscapes for increased agricultural productivity, resilience and carbon storage, and have shown the world that carbon funds can be put to productive use cutting emissions by regenerating forest cover, and improving people's lives and livelihoods. A carbon price can be a win-win, not just for nations like Ethiopia, but for the entire planet, provided that it is coordinated and its incidence does not unduly fall on the poor,” said Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn.
“Climate change is real. It threatens food and water security, and contributes to the occurrence of more frequent and more destructive storms. In our part of the world, whole South East Asian coastal communities are at a particular risk. They need to be relocated, given the threats of storm surges, rising sea levels, and even landslides. In our own country, we are indeed hard pressed to build back better our vulnerable communities, to support their way of life, and to provide safer, more sustainable livelihood. We are deeply sympathetic about the plight of island nations, particularly Kiribati and Tuvalu, which are likewise in danger due to worsening environmental conditions. Years of international research show that global greenhouse gas emissions are intensifying, consequently contributing to the factors that leave so many at risk. In this vein, developing a price on carbon sets in motion the shift towards cleaner investments for our peoples. The Philippines thus believes that this is a step we must all take part in, lest we collectively suffer the consequences of inaction,” said Philippines President Benigno S. AQUINO III
“The challenge of climate change compels us to rethink and transform the way we produce and consume. The international community must advance towards a low-carbon economy, by setting a price on carbon. In keeping with this goal, Mexico has strengthened its national policy towards green growth. Among other measures, we have established a fossil fuel tax which will foster clean technologies. This way we support international efforts in order to ensure that binding agreements –for both developed and developing countries– will be concluded at the upcoming COP 21, scheduled to be held in Paris,” said Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto.
“We can’t stand idly by as billions of tons of carbon pollution spew into the atmosphere,” said California Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. “California has put a price on carbon, but these efforts mean little unless the world’s government and business leaders join us – and go even further.”
“Rio de Janeiro, like most of Brazil, is already experiencing the impacts of climate change - and we're already taking action," said Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Mayor Eduardo Paes. "We're investing heavily in climate-resilient infrastructure, and we're also committed to slashing carbon emissions across our economy. Putting a price on carbon will serve to accelerate our efforts to build low-carbon urban prosperity - not just in Rio, but in fast-growing cities around the world.”
“Putting a price on carbon is key for ensuring we have credible, cost-effective action on climate mitigation that will get the world on the road to a zero net emissions future,” said Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD.” While COP21 will be important to set the overall framework for the path forward, it is domestic policies such as carbon pricing that will guide us collectively to that future. This Panel will help to provide the high level leadership that we need to generate greater momentum on carbon pricing up to and beyond COP21. The OECD is pleased to be engaged in the Panel and to work with the leaders and partner international organisations to expand the reach and uptake of carbon pricing. With so much positive upside to action, why would we not embrace the transition?
“CalPERS supports a price on carbon because we are a financial institution grounded in economics and focused on the long-term. The market needs a transparent and consistent price that discourages carbon emissions, and stimulates low carbon investment opportunities. The goal is that pricing will catalyze a transition to a lower carbon economy,” said Anne Stausboll, CEO of CalPERS.
“Energy use is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. Energy transition, key to keeping to a 2°C rise in temperature on the planet, has started, and ENGIE wants to lead. In addition to the 2 main pillars of its transition strategy - scaling up renewable and energy efficiency solutions and services Worldwide -, ENGIE has decided to stop developing any new coal generation project (that has not already been legally engaged). ENGIE has put a price on carbon to drive its investment decisions: generalizing carbon pricing is crucial to drive and boost low carbon energy transition everywhere and preserve the planet,” said Gérard Mestrallet, CEO of ENGIE.
"Growth and Sustainability are complementary and not conflicting goals, both are necessary to achieve a reasonable quality of life for all. Emerging countries will need to leverage technology to follow a low carbon growth path while developed nations will need to reduce their carbon footprint,” said Anand Mahindra, Chairman and Managing Director of Mahindra Group of India.
“We need to prevent a global temperature rise above 2 degrees Celsius. A meaningful carbon price will provide an economic incentive to shift from fossil to (bio-) renewable energy and reduce GHG emissions. DSM enables a low carbon economy by, for example, increasing solar panel yields and converting crop residue into advanced biofuels. To help us take the right decisions from both an economic and environmental perspective, we use an internal carbon price of €50. Business has a responsibility to take care of the world for next generations,” said Feike Sijbesma, Chairman and CEO of Royal DSM.
